Habitat selection by juvenile coho salmon in response to food and woody debris manipulations in suburban and rural stream sections

نویسنده

  • Guillermo Roberto Giannico
چکیده

This study explored the effects of food and woody debris manipulations on the summer distribution of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in small suburban streams. To examine fish responses to these factors, three different experiments were carried out in modified sections of two streams. The results showed that the distribution of juvenile coho salmon in a stream section was primarily controlled by the availability and distribution of food among pools and by the presence and density of woody debris. Food, however, played a dominant role because the foraging quality of a pool not only affected the density of fish in it but also the response of those fish towards instream debris. In food-rich stream sections, low proportions of juvenile coho salmon occupied pools with dense woody debris in the spring, which changed towards late summer. In contrast, in food-poor reaches, high proportions of fish were found in pools with abundant debris in the spring. Pools that combined abundant food with sparse woody debris were the most favoured by the fish. It is important that salmonid habitat enhancement projects consider that open foraging areas interspersed with woody debris characterize the type of summer habitat that juvenile coho salmon prefer. Résumé : La présente étude examine les effets de la manipulation des aliments et des débris ligneux sur la distribution d’été du saumon coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) juvénile dans les petits cours d’eau suburbains. Pour étudier la réaction des poissons à ces facteurs, trois différentes expériences ont été effectuées dans des tronçons modifiés de deux cours d’eau. Les résultats ont montré que la distribution du coho juvénile dans un tronçon était principalement régie par la disponibilité et la distribution de la nourriture dans les fosses ainsi que par la présence et la densité des débris ligneux. Le facteur dominant était cependant la nourriture, car la qualité de l’alimentation dans une fosse influe non seulement sur la densité de poissons, mais également sur la réaction des poissons face aux débris ligneux du cours d’eau. Dans les tronçons riches en aliments, de faibles proportions de cohos juvéniles occupaient les fosses très denses en débris ligneux au printemps, situation qui allait changer vers la fin de l’été. Au contraire, dans les tronçons pauvres en aliments, de fortes proportions de poissons ont été trouvées dans les fosses ayant d’abondants débris au printemps. Les fosses qui présentaient à la fois beaucoup d’aliments et peu de débris ligneux étaient les plus appréciées par les poissons. Il est donc important que les projets de mise en valeur de l’habitat des salmonidés tiennent compte du fait que les aires d’alimentation découvertes parsemées de débris ligneux caractérisent le type d’habitat d’été que le saumon coho juvénile préfère. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Giannico 1813

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تاریخ انتشار 2000